Analysis of The Hanged Mans Bride, The Trial for Murder...

Analysis of The Hanged Mans Bride, The Trial for Murder and Confession Found in a Prison Introduction Based on my study of Charles Dickens, I have decided to focus upon three short stories to write about in detail. These are: The Hanged Mans Bride, written in 1860, The Trial For Murder, written in 1865 and Confession Found in a Prison, written in 1842. To enable me to understand the stories better and also Dickens interests and motivations, I have carried out necessary research on historical, literacy contexts and other biographical details. Charles Dickens stories could be said to be a reflection of his own childhood because of the intensity in which he writes about the subject - his†¦show more content†¦Dickens was fascinated with the supernatural and attended many sà ©ances. A reoccurring theme within Dickens writing is that of the supernatural such as ghost stories. These are about good and evil, justice and injustice, meanness and generosity such as in Scrooge, and love and hate. Confession Found in a Prison and The Trial For Murder are told in the first person as if the storyteller has written their account. Whereas in The Hanged Mans Bride the story is told in the third person, this being a narrator who is talking about what happened to other people. In Confession Found in a Prison Charles Dickens has organised the story as the narrator is in prison awaiting his execution and the story then goes on to tell the reader how he came to be in this position. In The Trial For Murder the narrator opens with a long introduction about the supernatural and how people feel about it, before he then goes on to progress with the story, which in itself relates to a psychic experience. In The Hanged Mans Bride the story is organised in a more straightforward fashion such as that it starts with two friends on holiday and what happens to them when they visit a country house. Within all his stories Charles Dickens presents the characters in an in-depth fashion. This helps the reader to develop in their mind a picture of whatShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pageswhich he was travelling with his wife was torpedoed off the coast of Ireland and the Archdeacon lost his life, and the MSS., together with his baggage, disappeared. Towards the end of August a fisherman found the box containing the MSS on the shore near Towyn, Wales, where it had been washed up. He found a letter inside with an address, to which he sent the MSS, and in this way they came into the hands of Mrs Dennis. The edge of the paper had been worn by the action of the water, but most of the writingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesTheir diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued conclusions but with making choices, assessing reasons, seeking advice, etc. Dowden gets the balance and the

Hurricanes Devastating Natural Disasters - 999 Words

Hurricanes are one of nature’s deadliest natural disasters. They cause massive property damage to towns and cities in the warmer hemospheres all over the world. In 2004, for example, the United States of America was hit by Hurricane Katrina, one of the most devastating natural disasters to hit the USA. Hurricane Katrina destroyed huge parts of Louisiana, but also affected Mississippi, Alabama and even states farther up north like New Jersey and even Pennsylvania. Hurricanes are put into 5 categories. The categories rate the hurricanes from weakest to strongest. Most hurricanes form around the equator. The World Meteorologists Organization names hurricanes to better keep track of them. Hurricanes are an awesome but deadly force that should be respected. Hurricanes are very powerful. They can range vastly in size, power and destructive capability. Hurricanes come in five categories. Each category is stronger than the last and the higher the category the bigger the hurr icane is. Category 1 hurricanes have sustained winds that range from 75 to 95 miles per hour(Stewart) and can cause minor damage to man made structures. Category 2 hurricanes are a little bigger, with wind that ranges from 96 to 110 miles per hour(Stewart) and can damage homes but not destroy them.. Category 3 hurricanes have winds that range from 111 to 130 miles per hour(Stewart). Category 3 hurricanes can rip trees from the ground and destroy small houses and other small man made structures.Show MoreRelatedDisaster : The Causes And Effects Of Natural Disasters1012 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are natural disasters? Natural disasters are defined as any disastrous event caused by nature or the natural movements of the earth, itself. How severe a disaster is is determined by how bad a loss the economy has suffered, how many lives were lost, and whether or not it will be possible to rebuild the city/town and population effected. 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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO... free essay sample

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that influence women of conceptive age. Women with PCOS develop an immense level of male hormones called androgens. Having high levels of hormones can cause many health issues such as irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, acne, additional hair accumulation, and an expanded number of small cysts in the ovaries to develop. This issue is the most widely recognized reason for female infertility. PCOS are changes in hormone levels that make it troublesome for the ovaries to release developed eggs. The hormones affected are estrogen and progesterone which are the hormones that help discharge the eggs. During a womans menstrual cycle, the ovaries make one or more eggs that is discharge each month during ovulation. According to, Womens Health With PCOS, the egg may not develop as it should or it may not be released during ovulation as it should be. Instead, the eggs remain in the ovaries and develop multiple cysts around them. We will write a custom essay sample on Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This issue can contribute to infertility. There is no test that can positively diagnose PCOS and there is no cure for it, but you can manage your symptoms. Your health care provider can implement a treatment plan designed for your symptoms because women with PCOS will require numerous combinations of medicines and prescriptions (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, 2018). For example, women who have PCOS and want to become pregnant can still have a baby but will need to visit their health care provider for a physical examination. An ultrasound of the pelvis will determine if the ovaries are enlarged with various small cysts. A blood test will help check for hormone levels in estrogen, follicle stimulation (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). There are also different medications a specialist can propose to help assist in becoming pregnant. If doctors rule out other causes of infertility in you and your partner, he might prescribe a medication to help you ovulate. If you are overweight or obese making a life style change through healthy eating and daily physical activity can help improve your fertility. In vitro fertilization (IVF) may be a possibility as well. In IVF, your egg is fertilized with your partners sperm in a laboratory and then placed in your uterus to implant and develop. With this method a woman has a higher pregnancy chance and is also at high risk for twins or triplets (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, 2018). Surgery is another form of treatment if other options have not been successful. PCOS enlarges the cortex which is the outer layer of the ovaries preventing spontaneous ovulation. The surgery consists of ovarian drilling in which the doctor makes a few incisions in the surface of your ovary with a laser or a needle heated with electricity. This surgery method revitalizes ovulation, but only for six to eight months.

Rhetoric Non Est Ars Quae Ad Effectum Casu Venit free essay sample

A character analysis of Creon in the play Oedipus the king and a comparison of Aristotles Rhetoric and Creons persuasive speech to Oedipus. This paper offers a character analysis of Creon in the play Oedipus the King, with an emphasis on human nature. One aspect of human nature that is explored is what Aristotle referred to as the art of rhetoric. The papers main focus is Creons use of the art of persuasion. The paper uses Aristotles Rhetoric as the basis for the analysis, and as a secondary source. Sometimes persuasion is only glorified manipulation, and other times persuasion is truly the heartfelt sentiment of the speaker. Either way, in the eyes of the Greek philosophers persuasion is form of art. While Creon defends himself from the accusations of Oedipus he taints his words with succulent messages of pathos, logos and ethos When comparing Creons speech to Aristotles guidelines for successful rhetoric we can see that Creon speaks in a manor that renders him worthy of confidence (17). We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetoric: Non Est Ars Quae Ad Effectum Casu Venit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

The Concept of Organizational Commitment in Human Resource Management

Table of Contents Introduction Summary of the background to the topic Discuss Job Turnover Recommendations and conclusion Reference List Introduction There are several factors which influence outcomes in the organization. They range from the financial status of the organization, the business strategies applied by management as well as the environment within which the organization is operating. However it is also true that the performance of the organization is largely attributed to the ability of the employees to effectively undertake their roles.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Concept of Organizational Commitment in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This brings up issues relating to organizational commitment. Organizational commitment can be defined as the bond which ties the employee to the organization. Ultimately, organizational commitment has a direct effect on organization al behavior (Porter, 1976, p90). Summary of the background to the topic The most critical areas influenced by organizational commitment among employees include the behavior and performance of the employees; attitudes and other cognitive constructs affecting job satisfaction; responsibility and finally personal traits such as age. The centrality of this issue in determining organizational outcomes has greatly boosted the concept of organizational commitment in human resource management. This is in line with the fact that human resources management policies must be designed with the aim of ensuring that there is maximum commitment of employees (Porter, 1974, p605). This commitment is seen in terms of the royalty and attachment employees have towards the organization. It is what gives them the will to always go the extra mile in doing that which benefits organization. At the height of it, employees have been found to fully place the interest of the organization well ahead of their own (Niehoff, 1990, p340). Discuss Job Turnover One important benefit of organizational commitment is reduction in job turnover. Whenever employees feel detached from the organization, issues of job dissatisfaction tend to increase meaning that more employees are willing to leave the organization. A high employee turnover in an organization can be disastrous. First it significantly pushes up the recruitment costs which have a direct impact financial impact on the organization. Secondly, the high turnover implies that the more investments in training new recruits will be incurred. These new employees are not only likely to take time adjusting in the system but are more likely to make mistakes in executing their tasks. In this respect then, it is crucial that organizational commitment among employees is achieved as this minimizes the job turnover and consequently reduces these inefficiencies in the organization (O’Reilly, 1986, p495).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations and conclusion There are several policy issues for consideration towards inculcating organizational commitment among employees. First is the unrivalled fact that for employees to remain royal and committed in an organization, they must be made to feel valued and appropriately recognized. This cuts across several issues but most important is the decision making process. When fully involved in the decision making process, they not only better understand what is expected but also tend to own these decisions giving them the zeal to ensure that they succeed. Again, when these decisions bear fruit a great sense of accomplishment is experienced among employees. Secondly, there should be good communication and feedback channels in the organization. Employees should always have channels which they can use in communicating their concerns as well as views to the management. This give s them confidence that they will be heard. In addition, feedback is crucial because if communicated effectively, it encourages employees to strive to achieve even better results (Perry, 1997, p190). In conclusion, the value of organizational commitment is the hallmark of efficient service delivery by employees. In today’s corporate world characterized by stiff competition, the organization with the most committed employees is likely to have better outcomes. However, it is a double win as employees who are better committed tend to be happier with their jobs resulting in a better society. Reference List Niehoff, B.P., Enz, C.A., Grover, R.A. (1990) .The impact of top-management actions on employee attitudes and perceptions. Group Organization Studies, 15, 3, 337- 352. O’Reilly, III, C., and Chatman, J. (1986). â€Å"Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effects of Compliance, Identification and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior†. Journa l of Applied Psychology, 71, 3, 492-499. Perry, J. (1997). â€Å"Antecedents of Public Service Motivation†. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 7, 2, 181-197.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Concept of Organizational Commitment in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Porter, L.W., Crampon, W. Smith, F. (1976). Organizational commitment and managerial turnover: A longitudinal study. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 15, 87-98 Porter, L.W.; Steers, R.M.; Mowday, R.T.; Boulian, P.V. (1974) Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1974, 59, 603-609. This report on The Concept of Organizational Commitment in Human Resource Management was written and submitted by user Kayl1e to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Brain Influence

Brain Influence I. Introduction. In choosing this book I discovered many interesting elements that caught my attention. Primarily it was the idea that this book â€Å"Your Brain at Work,† by Dr. Margaret A. Golton set the stage by addressing the psychological and mechanical processes the brain controls, by which personality and characters are formed. Secondly, I choose this book because I presumed discovering a clearer understanding about the self, mind, and its structure, content and function as it pertains to my psychological development. II. Summary. From the beginning of the book the author governs her thoughts and explanations consistently with the idea of the BONN approach as it relates to the development and dynamics of the brain. What is unique about the BONN approach to psychological development is that its not concerned with the past history, or special environment, but rather emphasizes the life experience for being the main contributor and common denominator to psychological development. First, the author begins addressing the brain and its organizational profile. With a very concise methodology Golton describes the dimensions of the brain and how the separate are inter-connected. She mentions that the brain has a core which, Lee Morton calls the â€Å"homunculus,† even though many psychologists, biologists, and scientists all together often call this aspect of the brain the â€Å"prenucleus.† Golton states, â€Å"that the prenucleus† transcends the historical idea of the brain and is of tremendous importance as it contributes to brain functioning† . It is the decision-making element of the mind, which has tremendous impact on the morals, precedence, and ambitions that govern a person’s life. For this is the platform where the author pronounces her ideas and facts in determining how the human personality is developed, and how the mysteries of brain activity and its intricacies is the sole reasoning for why e... Free Essays on Brain Influence Free Essays on Brain Influence Brain Influence I. Introduction. In choosing this book I discovered many interesting elements that caught my attention. Primarily it was the idea that this book â€Å"Your Brain at Work,† by Dr. Margaret A. Golton set the stage by addressing the psychological and mechanical processes the brain controls, by which personality and characters are formed. Secondly, I choose this book because I presumed discovering a clearer understanding about the self, mind, and its structure, content and function as it pertains to my psychological development. II. Summary. From the beginning of the book the author governs her thoughts and explanations consistently with the idea of the BONN approach as it relates to the development and dynamics of the brain. What is unique about the BONN approach to psychological development is that its not concerned with the past history, or special environment, but rather emphasizes the life experience for being the main contributor and common denominator to psychological development. First, the author begins addressing the brain and its organizational profile. With a very concise methodology Golton describes the dimensions of the brain and how the separate are inter-connected. She mentions that the brain has a core which, Lee Morton calls the â€Å"homunculus,† even though many psychologists, biologists, and scientists all together often call this aspect of the brain the â€Å"prenucleus.† Golton states, â€Å"that the prenucleus† transcends the historical idea of the brain and is of tremendous importance as it contributes to brain functioning† . It is the decision-making element of the mind, which has tremendous impact on the morals, precedence, and ambitions that govern a person’s life. For this is the platform where the author pronounces her ideas and facts in determining how the human personality is developed, and how the mysteries of brain activity and its intricacies is the sole reasoning for why e...

Expensive weddings are an obscene waste of money Essay - 1

Expensive weddings are an obscene waste of money - Essay Example For instance, when a couple plans for an expensive wedding, they consider inviting prominent and wealthy guests whether they personally know them or not. The common notion about this perception is the value of gifts couples would receive from the guests. With such inclinations, evidently, there is a moral looseness that expensive weddings bring about. The focus is now on the wedding gifts rather than the celebration time together with friends and family. Moreover, couples tend to concentrate on how perfect the ceremony should proceed so that they spend a lot on clothes, make-up and other fancy things that will make the wedding flawless. As a result, the essence of the wedding ceremony becomes a secondary or even the last concern of the people involved. On the other hand, if a wedding ceremony is planned to be simple and private, concerns about how the wedding will take place would be minimized and the wedding becomes more

Compare and contrast at least Three theoretical perspectives on Essay

Compare and contrast at least Three theoretical perspectives on healthcare management and leadership - Essay Example Leadership seems to be a trending topic even in healthcare where better leadership is considered to be a significant factor in improving quality of healthcare and organizational processes (Hartley & Benington, 2010). The study compares and contrasts three leadership and management theories that include transformational theory, Shared leadership theory and situational theory because leadership theories are dynamic and change with time. Transformational leadership Transformational theory usually goes beyond traditional style of transactional leadership and elaborates that people work effectively if the individuals have a sense of mission. Healthcare systems experience various challenges and chaos as healthcare organizations increasingly face complex problems, which motivate organizations to embrace transformational leadership. Transformational leadership considers a leader to be an individual that is capable of enabling others to act and even converting the followers to become leaders who in turn can be agents of change (Roussel, 2013). This model influence arise from the power of being a leader although the leader never uses the power to control or even repress constituents but rather a transformational leader empowers the constituents to have vision regarding the organization. In transformational theory energy initiates and sustains activities that translate intentions into reality; hence, in this perspective leadership is not concerned with so much exercise of power but rather focuses on empowering others (Borkowski, 2009). However, this does not imply that leaders in this approach relinquish power but instead emphasizes reciprocity exchange between leaders and constituents. The approach links the purpose of the leader to that of the constituent, which results in collective purpose which empowers staff and activates critical thinking in the staff’s roles in an organization and develops commitment in staff an essential asset for any organization (Goodwin , 2013). Transformational leaders mobilize staff through focusing on the welfare of people in the work environment because leadership experts recommend styles that empowers and recognizes collaboration instead of competition (Roussel, 2013). When the working atmosphere is empowering, people get empowered and feel part of a team and consider themselves to be contributors to the success of an organization. In healthcare, empowerment may result in increased patient care, reduced staff sick days as well as reduced attrition. Transformational healthcare leaders tend to have a staff that has high job satisfaction and who remain in an organization for a prolonged period (WHO, 2008). However, for healthcare leaders who always want to be in charge, the method may make them feel threatened by sharing their power with the staff. Moreover, although effective leadership supports shared power, the leader accepts responsibility in decision making even when the decision made is unpopular. In this a pproach, constituents like their wishes to be considered; however, there are times like in a crisis when constituents require prompt and clear decisions from the leader and this is where situational theory comes in. Because of the flexibility of a transformational leader, a leader in this approach is able to adapt styles for

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English literature - Essay Example Although Sci Fi may have a rendered a physical presence in our society, gothic fiction portrays social evils, educates us on our inner or hidden personalities, makes us realise about the dualities in our roles and educates us on our double standards. All that in a way that it entertains us as well (Ellis, 2001). One read on the book Dracula tell us about this character or breed of beings that live on human blood and are immortal. But the values behind this fiction are much more than that. Dracula represents the social evil in us of never ending greed, hunger and power. His immortality may be referred to as the dynamic economy society that may have transformed society us all into being slaves to the system (Watt, 2005). The same ideas that came from the book â€Å"1984†. The idea of â€Å"big brother watching. Dracula may be thirsty for blood only but it does portray how we all are made to sacrifice our lives for the good of someone else. Psychology, sociology and philosophy- all are integral pieces in gothic literature. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide in Stevenson’s book are the two characters that teach us about us. How we have an inner self for greater glory and how we can accidentally or intentionally with limited knowledge do evil with the intentions of good. How science may have created more monsters for us in our lives than do more good. How we perceive ourselves to be Gods and seek immortality through our work. Stevenson’s work is not just about monsters and dark forces, but it explains values of society. It explains how we as human have our limitations as humans and what we have done to exceed those (Hogle, 2002). Gothic literature makes us learn of our inner selves. It makes us realize the animal instincts that guide us when we need to eat, sleep and mate. Since the topics of discussion in gothic literature are many a times metaphysical and explore our subconscious, the characters depicted in gothic literature are supernatural

The complex matrilineal social structure of spotted hyenas

The complex matrilineal social structure of spotted hyenas Amazons of the animal world: the complex matrilineal social structure of spotted hyenas. The spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta ¸ has evolved a matrilineal society in which the females are more dominant and aggressive than males within the clans. Female and male behaviors come together to form a complex societal structure that promotes variability and reproductive success. This species is an exceptional example of matrilineal hierarchy and social organization as opposed to the regular male-dominant societal structure present in the case of most mammals. Scientists continue to study the spotted hyena for its remarkably sophisticated social behavior, which may be comparable to that of some primates and possibly even human beings (Jenks et al., 1995; Drea et al., 2002; Engh et al., 2002; East et al., 2003). The spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, is a very intelligent animal that organizes itself into large clans of 50-80 members (Engh et al., 2002). While most mammals exhibit a male-dominant society where males fight for rank and the right to reproduce, the spotted hyena has developed a matrilineal society (Jenks et al., 1995). Females are more dominant and aggressive than males and pass on their rank to their offspring (Jenks et al., 1995; Engh et al., 2002). They are responsible for reproductive choice due to their dominant status (East et al., 2003). Males regularly travel to clans outside their natal society, despite the cost of access to food, for the chance of higher reproductive success (Engh et al., 2002). They also engage in specific favorable behaviors to entice females to choose to mate with them (East et al., 2003). All of these sophisticated behaviors have evolved to promote variability and overall success for the spotted hyena. Even more amazingly, the same social structure a nd behaviors of dominant-submissive interactions emerged within an isolated group of spotted hyenas raised in captivity (Jenks et al., 1995). The spotted hyena is definitely a very unique case of societal arrangement (Engh et al., 2002). With further study, the evolution of this remarkable case of sex-role reversal and complex hierarchy may soon be fully understood. It may provide further insight into similar social arrangements seen with other animals such as primates (Jenks et al., 1995). The study of spotted hyenas may even provide insight into more primitive stages of human societal structure, especially where there are matrilineal cultures. Females are without question the more dominant gender within spotted hyena clans and they exercise this dominance when it comes to reproduction (Engh et al., 2002; East et al., 2003). They are on average larger, more aggressive, and more violent than males within the clan (Engh et al., 2002). Their special anatomy an enlarged clitoris through which copulation occurs gives them full control over sexual activities and partners (East et al., 2003). There is no chance for forced copulation simply because the male hyena needs the females full cooperation for proper coitus to occur (East et al., 2003). Theories for the evolution of this physical characteristic include (a) counter-evolution in the presence of high rates of forced copulation and (b) selection for overall more dominant and aggressive individuals resulting in masculinization (Drea et al., 2002). Since more dominant and aggressive females also attain a higher rank within the clan, they tend to be more successful in raising a larger number of young. A higher rank correlates to greater access to food and thus higher chances of survival for both mother and offspring (Engh et al., 2002). Female spotted hyenas have multiple criteria for choosing mates. They prefer immigrant males to natal males, those born within the community a possible measure for prevention of inbreeding (Engh et al., 2002). Even more amazingly, females generally prefer males of similar age, preventing sexual interactions with fathers or sons (East et al., 20023). Females also show preference for more submissive, less aggressive males (East et al., 2003). This selection for less aggressive males further emphasizes the sexual dimorphism, both in behavior and physical characteristics, present in this species. Females copulate with several males when in heat, possibly to dissuade males from infanticide (East et al., 2003). This behavior further increases variability it is quite common to see single litters whose cubs can be traced to different fathers (Engh et al., 2002). It serves to confuse males and dissuade them from killing cubs that may or may not be their own a complex behavior that shows fo resight and intelligent thought (East et al., 2003). Female choice for less aggressive males and behavior to prevent infanticide may have evolved to counter the extremely high-risk pregnancies these animals go through due to their anatomy (Drea et al., 2002). In a study conducted by Engh and colleagues (2002), the reproductive skew among male hyenas was investigated. One of the major discoveries was that immigrant males had an immense advantage over natal males. Over the 10-year period that one clan of hyenas was observed, it was found that immigrant males sired 97% of the cubs, while natal males only sired 3% (Engh et al., 2002). This explains the males behavior of leaving natal clans and immigrating elsewhere: the cost of rank and access to food are highly outweighed by the reproductive benefits in a non-natal clan (Engh et al., 2002). Within the group of immigrant males, it was found that rank did not have a statistically significant effect on a males reproductive success. In fact, males a few ranks below the highest ranking immigrant had the most success in terms of cubs sired (Engh et al., 2002). In general, tenure the measure of how long an immigrant male had been in the clan was found to be a better indicator of reproductive succ ess. The immigrant males rates of producing cubs increased significantly the longer they remained in the clan, showing a strong correlation between tenure and reproductive success (Engh et al., 2002). Male spotted hyenas are also observed to exhibit behaviors to make themselves more attractive to females. As found in a recent study by East and colleagues (2003), there was no reproductive advantage to harassing, shadowing, or defending females from other competition. In fact, males exhibiting these behaviors were often attacked or chased away by females and other clan members. Instead, males found significantly more reproductive success by fostering relationships with females over longer periods of time a surprisingly complex behavior very close to that of humans (East et al., 2003). Having these friendly relationships also were seen to solidify the males places within the clan hierarchy once again, a very complex sociological behavior, especially when seen outside the order of primates (East et al., 2003). The sophisticated system of hierarchy was even recreated in captivity by a group of previously unranked hyenas collected at infancy (Jenks et al., 1995). Amazingly, these young hyenas grouped themselves in a matrilineal hierarchy, as observed over the course of two generations (Jenks et al., 1995). This structuring occurred despite the lack of maternal input for the first generation, showing that social organization is programmed into the spotted hyenas behavioral patterns (Jenks et al., 1995). While the first generation had little to no maternal interaction to help rank them within the clan, they went on to influence their own offsprings place in the clan hierarchy, just as observed in wild clans (Jenks et al., 1995). The only significant difference between the experimental clan and wild clans was the speed at which the cubs ranks stabilized within the community. Experimental group cubs solidified their place much faster than those in the wild, possibly due to smaller numbers and le ss movement within the clan (Jenks et al., 1995). The spotted hyena is a remarkable animal. It shows extremely complex behavior that leads to sophisticated social structure something that is rarely seen in mammals outside of primates (Jenks et al., 1995). In fact, the matrilineal group structure of hyena clans is very similar to that of Old World primates (Jenks et al., 1995). The sense of organization in this manner is so strong within the hyenas evolved behavioral patterns that matrilineal structure is even seen to spontaneously emerge in isolated hyenas raised in captivity (Jenks et al., 1995). Complex sexual behaviors, such as the females choice of partner based on immigrant status, tenure, and age, seem to promote the creation of this social structure (Engh et al., 2002; East et al., 2003). Carefully nurtured relationships between same- and opposite-sex individuals show the multifaceted interactions between clan members that also contribute to the development of matrilineal organization (East et al., 2003). Female dominance is even supported by biological mechanisms and the altered anatomy of this species (Drea et al., 2002). With further study, the circumstances that led to the evolution of this unique system may soon be uncovered. This will provide insight not only into the spotted hyenas sociological history, but also into that of Old World primates and possibly even that of human beings. It is an exciting prospect that will hopefully emerge within the years to come.

The Lack of Communication in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee William

The Lack of Communication in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams Communication is a very important aspect of any type of relationship. There are many themes in the play, Cat On A Hot Tin Roof, by Tennessee Williams, but the major theme is that of isolation and the lack of communication. This type of theme involves many character such as Brick and Margaret. Big Daddy and his oldest son Gooper. And Big Daddy and his youngest son Brick. The entire Pollitt family manifests the theme isolation and lack of communication. An example of this is that Brick throughout the play isolates himself not only from Margaret but from others as well. But Margaret is most noticeable. This is caused by his drinking problem. Margaret tries so hard to get close to him but the lack of respect causes the lack of communication between the two. "I don't have to do anything I don't want to do. You keep forgetting the conditions on which I agreed to stay living with you". This is said by Brick to Margaret after she asked him to sign the gift she bought for Big Daddy's birthday. Another example of this is through lack of communication. Brick no longer wants to under stand Margaret or be understood by her. This is causing the problems for the two and there marriage and Margaret is scared that they will lose the plantation that the might get from Big Daddy's will. Finally Margaret just does not want to let Brick go she loves him, she says "Oh Brick! How long does it have t' go on? This punishment? Haven't I done time enough, haven't I served my term, can't I apply for a-pardon?". She is fed up of pouring her love out to Brick and him not doing anything back. In conclusion Brick is isolating himself from Margaret which is causing their... ... and tell one another there problems. In conclusion, The entire Pollitt family manifests the theme isolation and lack of communication. Through character conflicts such as Brick and Margaret. The in ability to communicate is manifested in the relationship between Brick and Margaret, they have many problems such as there love life. And also through the characters of Gooper and Big Daddy. The lack of communication has broken up a son and father during this play. The relationship between Gooper and Big Daddy is non-existent. Finally, the relationship of Brick and Big Daddy. Brick and Big Daddy love each other and yet they hurt each other deeply. It finally brings about a change between them, they find out the truth about everything such as Big Daddy's cancer. Thus it is evident that the entire Pollitt family manifests the theme isolation and lack of communication.

Just Lather, That’s All

â€Å"Just Lather, That's All† by Hernando Tellez is about a barber who is forced to shave the beard of one of the troops, whom he wants to kill but using all of his strength not to. The barber is a rebel himself so having the enemy's face in his hands with a razor sharp enough to cut the skin was a little too much temptation. the barber is hesitant with Captain Torres. When in the presence of the Captain, the barber is forced to decide what is more important: him being an experienced barber or him being a rebel. With much hesitation he established that being a barber will be a lot safer.When the troop comes into the barber's shop, the barber starts to tremble. He recognizes him as Captain Torres. The one who gives the orders. The one who kills the rebels. The one who tell him that all the rebels will die. â€Å"‘The other boys in the group should have this much beard, too,' he remarked. I continued stirring the lather. ‘But we did all right, you know. We got the main ones. We brought back some dead, and we got some others still alive. But pretty soon they'll all be dead. ‘ ‘How many did you catch? ‘ I asked. ‘Fourteen. We had to go pretty deep into the woods to find them.But we'll get even. Not one of them comes out of this alive, not one. ‘† This is the passage where the barber and Captain Torres talk about how many rebels the Captain and his troops caught. The becomes upset but tries to not let Torres see his trembling hands. When the barber starts lathering Captain Torres' face, Torres talks more about shooting the rebel and giving the people in the town a show and a â€Å"good† lesson. The barber considers Captain Torres â€Å"A man of imagination, because who else would have thought of hanging the naked rebels and then holding target practice on their bodies? It doesn't take long for the barber to start imagining different scenarios of what would happen if he did kill Captain Torres. He wonde red if he would be a hero or be hunted down as â€Å"Captain Torres' murderer†. In this next passage, the barber imagines how easy it would be to cut his throat: â€Å"I could cut his throat so–zip, zip! I wouldn't give him time to resist and since he has his eyes closed he wouldn't see the glistening blade or my glistening eyes. But I'm trembling like a real murderer.Out of his neck a gush of blood would spout onto the sheet, on the chair, on my hands, on the floor. I would have to close the door. And the blood would keep inching along the floor, warm, ineradicable, uncontainable, until it reached the street, like a little scarlet stream. I'm sure that one solid stroke, one deep incision, would prevent any pain. He wouldn't suffer. But what would I do with the body? Where would I hide it? I would have to flee, leaving all I have behind, and take refuge far away. But they would follow until they found me. ‘Captain Torres' murderer.He slit his throat while he was shaving him– a coward. ‘ And then on the other side. ‘The avenger of us all. A name to remember. He was the town barber. No one knew he was defending out cause. ‘† he considers all of the possibilities. He doesn't want to be a murderer though. He is not Captain Torres. He is not an executioner. He is a barber, and he performs his work virtuously. In the end, Captain Torres walks out of the barber shop. Alive and well. With a clean shaven neck. He says to the barber that â€Å"‘They told me that you'd kill me. I came to find out.But killing isn't easy. You can take my word for it. ‘† This could perchance that the barber would think twice about the Captain. Maybe it isn't he who gives the orders to kill. There is a higher controlling group. They are the ones who should be taken out. Since the story ends with that last explanation, we can only infer the impact of which it had on the barber. Not everyone is who they might seem to be. An extravagant barber could be a big time rebel. No one would expect it. For all we know, Captain Torres could be a sweet-heart. He doesn't like killing people, but he has to. Just Lather, That’s All â€Å"Just Lather, That's All† by Hernando Tellez is about a barber who is forced to shave the beard of one of the troops, whom he wants to kill but using all of his strength not to. The barber is a rebel himself so having the enemy's face in his hands with a razor sharp enough to cut the skin was a little too much temptation. the barber is hesitant with Captain Torres. When in the presence of the Captain, the barber is forced to decide what is more important: him being an experienced barber or him being a rebel. With much hesitation he established that being a barber will be a lot safer.When the troop comes into the barber's shop, the barber starts to tremble. He recognizes him as Captain Torres. The one who gives the orders. The one who kills the rebels. The one who tell him that all the rebels will die. â€Å"‘The other boys in the group should have this much beard, too,' he remarked. I continued stirring the lather. ‘But we did all right, you know. We got the main ones. We brought back some dead, and we got some others still alive. But pretty soon they'll all be dead. ‘ ‘How many did you catch? ‘ I asked. ‘Fourteen. We had to go pretty deep into the woods to find them.But we'll get even. Not one of them comes out of this alive, not one. ‘† This is the passage where the barber and Captain Torres talk about how many rebels the Captain and his troops caught. The becomes upset but tries to not let Torres see his trembling hands. When the barber starts lathering Captain Torres' face, Torres talks more about shooting the rebel and giving the people in the town a show and a â€Å"good† lesson. The barber considers Captain Torres â€Å"A man of imagination, because who else would have thought of hanging the naked rebels and then holding target practice on their bodies? It doesn't take long for the barber to start imagining different scenarios of what would happen if he did kill Captain Torres. He wonde red if he would be a hero or be hunted down as â€Å"Captain Torres' murderer†. In this next passage, the barber imagines how easy it would be to cut his throat: â€Å"I could cut his throat so–zip, zip! I wouldn't give him time to resist and since he has his eyes closed he wouldn't see the glistening blade or my glistening eyes. But I'm trembling like a real murderer.Out of his neck a gush of blood would spout onto the sheet, on the chair, on my hands, on the floor. I would have to close the door. And the blood would keep inching along the floor, warm, ineradicable, uncontainable, until it reached the street, like a little scarlet stream. I'm sure that one solid stroke, one deep incision, would prevent any pain. He wouldn't suffer. But what would I do with the body? Where would I hide it? I would have to flee, leaving all I have behind, and take refuge far away. But they would follow until they found me. ‘Captain Torres' murderer.He slit his throat while he was shaving him– a coward. ‘ And then on the other side. ‘The avenger of us all. A name to remember. He was the town barber. No one knew he was defending out cause. ‘† he considers all of the possibilities. He doesn't want to be a murderer though. He is not Captain Torres. He is not an executioner. He is a barber, and he performs his work virtuously. In the end, Captain Torres walks out of the barber shop. Alive and well. With a clean shaven neck. He says to the barber that â€Å"‘They told me that you'd kill me. I came to find out.But killing isn't easy. You can take my word for it. ‘† This could perchance that the barber would think twice about the Captain. Maybe it isn't he who gives the orders to kill. There is a higher controlling group. They are the ones who should be taken out. Since the story ends with that last explanation, we can only infer the impact of which it had on the barber. Not everyone is who they might seem to be. An extravagant barber could be a big time rebel. No one would expect it. For all we know, Captain Torres could be a sweet-heart. He doesn't like killing people, but he has to.

Explication of Bridge of Sighs by Edgar Allan Poe includes an excerpt of the poem

Explication of Bridge of Sighs by Edgar Allan Poe includes an excerpt of the poem Any poem respected by Edgar Allan Poe to the extent that he would include it in his personal explanation of poetry should be exceptional, but 'Bridge of Sighs' by Thomas Hood is with certainty the best poem I have ever read. A reflective work, it tells the story of a young woman without a love in the world, but suggests there was a passion behind her dramatic suicide. The narrator blames the girl's self-destruction on her being a fickle woman, 'One of Eve's family' (l. 27)and implies that her death was spurred by incredible loneliness. He admonishes the man who finds the body of this Ophelia ignore her sins, and simply admire her beauty and bravery, and pity her bad lot in life.In the first 2 stanzas, each alternating 3- and 2- foot lines with an 'abab' rhyme pattern, the narrator uses a steady and simple rhythm to establish the somber, introspective mood of the poem.Somewhat retouched and with transparent background...A feeling of pity for the beautiful but obsessive subject is set. Every line of the poem is begun with a single trochaic foot, with iambs completing the line. This emphasizes the first syllable, and I feel, gives a driving force rather than a rolling tune to the poem.The next stanza first hints at the nature of the woman's death, describing her sodden clothes. 'Take her up instantly,/Loving, not loathing.'(ll.13-14) says the narrator, asking the finder of the body to feel only warmth for this poor girl. These two lines prepare the reader for the next two stanzas, which exhort the discoverer of this cadaver to not focus on 'her mutiny' and sin in suicide, but admire her loveliness and 'Think of her mournfully,/Gently and humanly;' (ll. 16-17). The rhyme scheme of these longer stanzas is irregular but lyrical and leads neatly...

McBride Financial Services

McBride Financial Services Mr. Hugh McBride started McBride Financial Services with the thought in mind of specializing in one stop shopping for first-time buyers and problem credit clients. McBride Financial Services decided to open its home office in Boise Idaho which is a first for that region; the offices will also have kiosk where the client will be able to serves themselves. This approach is a first of its kind in this region, which gives Mr. McBride a great head start on anyone else thinking of branching into this area.McBride Financial Services is a start-up regional mortgage lender headquartered in Boise, Idaho. The requester is Hugh McBride who is also the founder/owner of the company. The firm will specialize in conventional, FHA, and VA loans for purchasing and refinancing.There is no Sponsor yet Hugh McBride is the only stakeholders because McBride is a privately owned company. The Main office will be placed in Boise Idaho, due to where the other six offices will be placed.Official seal of City of BoiseThe other to be opened after the first two are opened in Idaho are as follows; one in Montana, two in Wyoming, two in North Dakota, and one in South Dakota (Rapid City) which happens to be the capitol of South Dakota(South Dakota.org).Each office will have two to three brokers, brokers will work on commission and provide own laptop computers. Company will provide networks, internet access, printers, fax and telephones for each office. Each location will have experienced receptionist working eight to five Monday thru Friday to assisted clients that may have questions or problems with one of the kiosk that are placed in the office. The other office's once they are up and running will have three brokers and two administration assistance to handle office duties. The loan decisions will be...

UKCCA Event Project assessment brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UKCCA Event Project assessment brief - Essay Example Therefore, I project there will be a total of 500 fans. This is a good number which will enable the organizers to get adequate returns and make profits at the end of the event. Given that this is expected to be a spectacular event, it will have to be advertised to enable all the target audience to have adequate information about it. Because this event will be targeting the college students, adverts will be placed in the broadcast (TV) and online media. By using popular web sites and social media platforms, the organizers of this event will have to access the students who are so popular with these sites. Thus, they will acquire all the necessary information about it. In order to appeal to the target audience, all the necessary steps should be taken to ensure that event is made colorful and enjoyable. The target age group is made up of young excited and curious individuals who need to get a high level of satisfaction from such events (Carr, 2009). A part from inviting a renowned band of Jazz musicians to thrill them, the event organizers should extend their services to invite a DJ and offer a variety of dishes in the normal list of UKCCA menu. This will include the following meals: As a matter of fact, the organizers of this event are expected to incur lots of expenses. These will be used to cater for advertisement, hiring the artists, venue, staff and purchasing of food and drinks which will be consumed during the event. These expenses can be summarized in the table below: In order for this party to succeed as planned, there needs to be adequate preparation. Meaning, the organizers have to allocate enough time and resources. However, since it will not be a free event, each and every participant will have to be charged. No service will be granted free of charge. Therefore, the expected income is stated in the table below: Actually, one of the major objectives for

Role and Purpose of Accounting Information Systems Term Paper

Role and Purpose of Accounting Information Systems - Term Paper Example First, the role of the accounting information system is timely and accurate data collection. Data collection is the process that the organization gathers the data related to the transactions of the business. The business gives and receives data on a daily basis that needs to be recorded in a systematic manner for various purposes in the organization. Therefore, it is one of the sole roles of the accounting information system to timely and accurately collect data, which are used by the management to process information that assists in the decision making of the business (Boockholdt, 2010). Accounting and financial transaction are mostly in value form, and their timely and accurately collection becomes core interest of the business. Sometimes, large businesses have multiple departments and subsidiaries, national or international. This calls for the use of accounting information system to enhance central collection of information or data from these department or subsidiaries in accurate ly and timely manner. Second role is to enhance data processing. This involves clarifying, sorting, and calculating data very fast, but accurately. The clarifying involves the process of validation; that is, ensuring that the data supplied is clean, correct and useful to the end users of such data. Sorting involves arranging data in some sequence or different classes of the data supplied. For example, a purchase of an asset such as vehicle may be sorted out by the system and classified under fixed assets. Then the processing also involves the summarization of the information processed. This is reducing the detail of the data to its main points and then aggregating the data to give full information about the data supplied to the business. This may be the stage of the preparation of the financial statements of the business. Then lastly carrying the analysis of the summarized data and interpreting such information appropriately. The third role is to ensure proper

Byzantine and Islamic systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Byzantine and Islamic systems - Essay Example While previous adaptations played a major role in shaping the conflict that occurred between the Byzantine and Islamic empires, they were insufficient to operate on their own due to the consistent changes and dynamics that had occurred in the empires over time (Miller, 2002 n.p.). Therefore, it was inevitable for both systems to adapt a unique and current tactics and strategies that would not suffice for the intended dominance and supremacy wars. The Byzantine system borrowed more from the already collapsed Roman Empire of the 4th century, since they were more or less founded on similar principles (Watson, 2010 p87). Similarly, the Islamic systems also borrowed very much from the Huns, who were ancient Muslims who also had engaged in fights with the earlier Roman opponents, only that there was an addition of more Islam zeal during this period (Esposito, 1988 p37). Thus, it is apparent that both systems adapted strategies that would enable them defeat their opponents, which included f orging ties with the neighboring empires to reinforce their might. Nevertheless, through academic research, this explorative paper concluded that both the Byzantine Empire and Islamic System had military, cultural and economic force. However, the analysis found that the Islamic empire had a religious force behind their push, which served to compensate for the lack of a sophisticated administrative system, like the one that the Byzantine Empire had already put in place. Military within Byzantine Empire was made up of a large force, which did not reduce despite several incursions from the Muslims, owing to the continued growth of the population within the Byzantine Empire (Watson, 2010 p82). Byzantine Empire Military managed to maintain a huge force starting the 10th century through the 12th century, although the sufficient resources required to create such large armies and enhance their efficiency had dwindled over time, making it impossible for the empire to establish a large effici ent national army. The strength of the Byzantine Empire Military was based on the establishment of a sophisticated administrative system through the 10th and the 11th century, referred to as the theme system (Haldon, 2002 p12). This system divided the whole Byzantine Empire into several administrative units, which were then able to consolidate their authority over the territory they manned, at the expense of the establishment of large national army, which would require much resources and logistical planning and strategies. The thematic system was applied as an effective solution tool, to counter the Islamic army attacks, which were being experienced from different sides of the Byzantine Empire, making it possible for rapid response to the attacks, as opposed to the large national military response, which would be delayed by the logistical and the resource requirements (Miller, 2002 n.p.). The essence of the thematic military strategy applied by the Byzantine Empire, was to maintain a full time field presence of the troops in different regions of the empire that were prone to attacks, something that would not be efficient, through the use of a large national army (Esposito, 1988 p42). Military within Islamic System was based on a different system, which was an element of the previous adaptations from the Huns, who were also involved in conflicts with the earlier Roman Empire. The ‘hit and run’ tactic was the one the Muslim system mostly applied in their assault against the Byzantine Empire, which was perpetually threatened from various quarters. However, while the Muslim system borrowed the tactic from the Huns, who had previously engaged in a series of battle with the Roman Empire, they invoked the religious

Wuthering Heights Essay Example for Free

Wuthering Heights Essay Heatcliff is an unusual center character, in that he can said to be both the hero and the villain of Wuthering Heights. Explain this statement fully. In the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, the heroic and villainous qualities play a significant role in understanding the character Heatcliff. Heatcliffs passion, his mysterious origins and his contrast between hatred and love helps the reader understand the character Heatcliff. As a hero he displayed his true and endless love for Catherine. But the personality that Heatcliff develops as an adult of super-human villain due to the deprivation of love, education and social statues that he received in his childhood days. Heatcliffs double character makes Wuthering Heights a strong tale of love and hatred. One side of Heatcliff is his heroic character. His eternal faithfulness and endless love for Catherine is not doubtful. Catherine feels that it would degrade her to marry Heatcliff because of his low social status in society and decides to marry the son of the aristocratic Lintons, Edgar. She is excited by the high standards of living of Lintons and for sure enjoys such an atmosphere. In the spite of her rejection to Heatcliff, his undaunted love remains for her forever in his heart. Heatcliff suffers much emotional rejection. He displays his heroic character by not taking revenge from Edgar immediately because of his genuine concerns for Catherine. The extent of Heatcliffs dedication and sense of desolation can be considered as form of heroism displayed by Heathcliff. The other side of Heatcliff is his role as a villain. His purpose of turning into a villain from a good character is to seek revenge from all those who troubled him from his childhood days. It is seen that Heathcliff suffered terrible torture at the hands of Hindley after Mr. Earnshaws death. Hindleys treatment of Heathcliff was enough to make a fiend of a saint. Hindley deprived him of an education and reduced his status to that of a servant. This horrible treatment of Hindley arouses deep and abiding hatred in the heart of Hindley and all-consuming passion for revenge. He fulfills his desire of revenge by encouraging Hindley to drink excessively, gamble and he also makes Hindley bankrupt by taking all his wealth including  Wuthering Heights that he owned. As Heathcliff seeks his revenge, he becomes devilish and is constantly associated with devilish feelings, images and actions. His revenge is also directed toward Edgar Linton, the son of aristocratic Lintonss, whom he sees as having stolen Catherine from him. To seek his revenge he devises series of schemes to wrest the ownership of the Grange from the Lintons family and secure it for himself. He knew that Isabella considered him or pictured him a hero of romanceand takes advantage of it by putting on a mask of love which Isabella tends to believe. His cruel treatment to Isabella is a source of enjoyment for him. He also capitalizes on poor Lintonss health by inviting the pity of Cathy so that her affection and sympathy would facilitate a marriage between them and leave him as the master of the Grange. At one point we see that Heatcliff regrets that he saved the infant Hareton. He indeed takes pleasure in the fact that Hareton was born with a sensitive nature which he has corrupted and degraded. Heathcliff s pleasure at this corruption is increased by the fact that: Hareton is damnably fond of me, his attitude is devoid of fatherly feeling. We can thus prove that Heathcliff is a many-faced character. In his early years he is characterized by his faithfulness and endless love for Catherine. The adult Heathcliff who returns to Wuthering Heights after a three-year absence is a super human villain distort by revenge, distorted by sense of wrongs done to him and made emotionally unstable by Catherines marriage. It can be thus said that Heathcliff is an unusual character. But personally I felt that he can be characterized as a villain than a hero.

Platos Meno :: essays research papers

The questions of what exactly knowledge, virtue and the soul are, are among the most important problems of philosophy The soul may be defined as the ultimate internal principle by which we think, feel, and exist. If there is life after death, the soul must be capable of an existence separate from the body. The mysteries of birth and death, the lapse of conscious life during sleep, even the most common operations of imagination and memory, which abstract a man from his bodily presence even while awake; all such facts suggest the existence of something other. The quest to put a solid definition on what exactly knowledge and virtue was the basis of Socrates' life. Socrates discusses these things all the time but they seemed to be better explained in two specific dialogues The Meno and The Republic. In the Meno, Plato justifies the possibility for one's mind to uncover knowledge. Plato presents a valid theory on how our minds can obtain knowledge. Socrates asks â€Å"What is virtue?† , when questioning Meno on the single definition of virtue, Socrates was never satisfied. He never accepted Meno’s answers because Meno gave â€Å"virtuous† definitions, not the definition of â€Å"virtue.† For example, Meno claimed, â€Å"A man's virtue, consists of being able to manage public affairs and in so doing to benefit his friends and harm his enemies and to be careful no harm comes to himself." Meno does not know what virtue really is, so he cannot apply which characteristics associate with virtue and which do not. So when Socrates asks, â€Å"Does anyone know what a part of virtue is, without knowing the whole?†, Meno agrees this is not possible. This presents a logical argument against Meno’s definition of virtue. Socrates believes th e conversation to search for what virtue really is should continue although they achieved no success in their first effort to form a definition. Meno questions Socrates, â€Å"And how will you inquire, into that of which you are totally ignorant? What sort of thing, among those things which you know not, will you put forth as the object of your seeking? And even if you should chance upon it, how will you ever know that it is the thing which you not know?†. Socrates explores the subject that one not only obtains knowledge through perception but can also obtain knowledge through reason and hard work. Socrates then tells Meno of the theory of recollection.

The Japanes Tsunami Disaster

On March 11th 2011 at 2:48pm a magnitude 9 earthquake occurred lasting a record time of 5 minutes until 2:53pm. This awful event occurred in the country of Japan in Asia, east of china, south of Russia and lies on the Pacific Ocean. Then 20 minutes later a tsunami hit Ofunato and then followed by Sedai and Niyko. There were lots more area affected by the tsunami. Causes The tsunami that hit Japan was a series of water that became many waves that built up by travelling along the Pacific Ocean, gradually gathering up speed. By the time it hit Ofunato it was as fast as a jet engine and going 800 kph. This tsunami happened because of the pacific tectonic plate subducted the Asian tectonic plate and caused an upwards wave to start and increase in length and it caused a massive tsunami to hit Japan. Japan had a massive tsunami hit them because of the magnitude 9 earthquake (a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves) that hit them first, which caused the pacific tectonic plate subducted the Asian tectonic plate and created a flood of water to go in to the fault line and cause it to build up pressure and heat up. Then the water sprung up in to a travelling along the Pacific Ocean causing a tsunami, this caused over 15,000 deaths, 6,000 injured and 4,000 missing. Another cause of the tragic tsunami was that it gained an extra metre in height because the coast line dropped a metre; this was one of the effects of the earthquake. Social effects The effects on people were that there houses had fallen down and many were homeless. The disaster caused falling birth rates, some mothers and children were forced to move to other towns and cities, even 200-300 miles away from their broken homes. Buildings were shaking, lights flickering; they crumbled down in front of the people inside them. Bridges were in pieces, shaken and broken by the earthquake and tsunami. The people in Japan were in a horror film. Their families were broken, torn apart by 7 metre high waves. At least 170,000 households were running without any water said by the health ministry. Up to 47,000 building were destroyed, washed away or burnt down, the national police agency of Japan said. A total of 164,059 households in the north were without electricity, tohoku electric power co said. You can read also Waves Economic effects The tsunami caused a large negative impact on the economy of Japan but lesser effect on world trade and financial markets. Japan has lost considerable physical damage estimated to be from $195 billion to as much as $305 billion. The negative effects of the earthquake and tsunami caused a potential nuclear disaster. Only 150 miles from Tokyo, radiation leaked from a nuclear plant crippled by an explosion. Although it wasn’t at the same scale of Chernobyl, but 170,000 people were evacuated. Another economic effect is that hundreds of factories were shut across Japan and the country was pushed in to recession. Nissan and Toyota had to halt production at all 20 factories. Toyota, the world’s largest carmaker, evacuated workers from two plants in the worst affected regions. The plants make up to 420,000 small cars each year, mostly for export. Environmental effects The effects the tsunami had on japans environment was that were lots of debris everywhere because the tsunami had picked up everything in its way when it hit Japan and when it had stopped all the debris was left on the ground leaving lots of mess. All the debris that was on the floor meant it was harder to find missing people. The tsunami also carried lots of dead fish and animals habitats would have been damaged because of the water. The fish were all dead in the tsunami due to the fact that the Pacific Ocean contaminated because of the radiation of the nuclear plant explosion. This also meant that any birds wouldn’t have been able to feed or they would have died eating contaminated fish. The smell also would have been unbearable to cope with because of the amount of dead fish and bodies and debris carried by the tsunami. Liquefaction during the earthquake as well, this would have left big cracks in the concert and some water may of septet up through the cracks. Short term responses After the tsunami occurred everyone immediately tried to help the injured get to a safe placed so they could be helped. Fire engines and ambulances were there to help and to rescue people from the debris. There were lots of people injured and dead so that when the people were being searched for by people of Japan to save time if a person was dead under the debris they would have put down a flag so they could go on and search for people that were alive and could be saved. Then later they would have gone back to the body and they would have moved it. Everyone hurt by the tsunami/earthquake got medical care by the other helping countries wanting to help. China was one of the 91 countries that helped Japan as soon as possible by providing $4.5 million worth of humanitarian aid. Their first shipment was from Shanghai to Tokyo. It contained 2,000 blankets, 900 tents and 200 emergency lights to help Japan get through the tragic amount of injured people. Seventeen Latin American countries, including Honduras, Ecuador and Brazil, and four African states – Djibouti, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia had also offered assistance. The mayor of Kandahar city in Afghanistan pledged $50,000 to support relief efforts. The World Bank, Unicef, Unesco and the Office for t he Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs were among the international organisations pledging support. Other responses were that they were lots of tents and shelters put up for people to stay safe because their houses would have been crushed by the tsunami or fall because of the magnitude 9 earthquake. In the shelters, the people got free food and water to keep them alive. Almost everywhere there was no gas or electricity because of the impact of the tsunami. All they could us were emergency lights and torches to see. Products in Japan went up because lots of stock was ruined or damaged and it was a struggle to get stock from other countries or cities because the expressway fell down and transport-roads were blocked. Some charities also help the tsunami victims such as architecture for humanity helped by fundraising and giving all the money they made to Japan to help the people that were made homeless or that were unemployed because their workplace might have been hit. Save the Children meet the needs of children and their families affected by the tsunami, whilst Christian Aid’s partners in the Philippines helped to evacuate the most vulnerable coastal communities. People living in these communities had been warned to prepare for a tsunami wave at least one metre high along the east coast. Partners of the British Red Cross in Japan, America and the Philippines worked alongside the emergency services to support victims and evacuate high risk areas. Long term responses General recovery efforts progressed, super markets gradually reopened, gas stations in northern Japan resumed business, and roads were accessible. The Japanese government significantly supported the country’s relief efforts and provided much of the needed temporary housing. Everything that was rebuilt in Japan however it cost them 25tn yen which actuates to  £189bn. Schools were rebuilt and teachers were provided so the children could get an education. Conclusion In my opinion, I think that the Japan tsunami was a disaster because of the impact that it caused to the people (such as the deaths), the environment (dead animals, liquefaction, amount of debris needed to be cleaned up) and the amount of money that it cost them. The amount of deaths that the tsunami caused was devastating, the amount of missing people and pain that the tsunami caused families. It was an awful event that caused pain to everyone and cost lots of money. I think to stopped this happening to Japan again they should build a bigger wall on the coast to protect them or even buy tsunami capsules from all households even though they are expensive it would help and save the life’s of many if it occurred again.

Investigational New Drug Review Process

INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS Investigational New Drug Review Process Prashanth Kumar Ponugoti Northeastern University INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS Abstract Investigational New Drug (IND) review process begins from the time the sponsor files investigation new drug application and the purpose of the review is to confirm the safety and efficacy of the patient for the drug.Moreover in the process of review if the review committee notifies any deficiencies by the new drug then there will be a clinical however if there are no deficiencies the drug will be approved for new drug application and will be under continuous review to make sure , that the drug does not cause any potential harm. This entire step wise process of review is explained in the following paper INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS The following flow chart gives an overview of the IND review process Applicant (Drug Sponsor)IND Review by CDER Statistical Pharmacology/ Toxicology Medical Chemistry Spo nsor Submits New Data Safety Review Safety acceptable for study to proceed Clinical Hold Decision Notify Sponsor Complete reviews Reviews Complete and Acceptable? Sponsor Notified of Deficiencies No Deficiencies Study Ongoing INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS I. Applicant (Drug sponsor): An applicant or the sponsor is a person or a group who takes responsibility and initiates for the investigation of new drug.A person other than an individual that uses one or more of its own employees to conduct an investigation that it has initiated is a sponsor. The sponsor may be an individual, partnership, government agency, private agency, or any other organization and moreover the sponsor does not conduct the investigation process unless the sponsor is a sponsor-investigator. The applications are submitted to Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Food and Drug Administration Document and Records Section 5901-B Ammendale Rd. Beltsville, Md. 20705-1266 II.Investigational New Drug Application: Sponsor thinks about new drug application when he has a successful results in preclinical studies (The studies conducted in animals to find the use of drug in human and ensure safety and efficacy) in other words it is the step taken after the successful preclinical studies to continue further studies that is clinical trial in humans. During the conduct of preclinical trial, step by step information of the process is recorded as data and stored. Thus stored information is helpful in filling an IND. The information is as follows A. Animal Pharmacology and toxicology studiesB. Manufacturing Information C. Clinical protocols and investigators information Animal Pharmacology and toxicology studies: The studies conducted in animals to ensure the use of the product is reasonably safe for initial testing in humans. Manufacturing Humans: This is the information obtained from manufacturing, storage, composition, storage and stability, for manufacturing of drug substance and produ ct. Clinical protocols and investigators information: protocols for proposed clinical studies to assess whether the initial-phase trials will expose subjects to unnecessary risks.Information on the qualifications of clinical investigators—professionals who oversee the administration of the experimental compound–to assess whether they are qualified to fulfill their clinical trial duties. The IND is not a marketing approval but The IND is the means through which the sponsor officially obtains this exemption from the FDA: however, its main intention is to detail the data that provide documentation that it is indeed reasonable to proceed with certain human trials with the drug. Types of INDs i. Investigator INDs ii. Emergency Use INDs and iii.Treatment IND After the submission of the IND to the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) committee it checks thoroughly the medical, chemistry, toxicological, and statistical data INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS The se terms are explained below in detail III. Medical Review: Medical also called as clinical review is conducted by medical officers or physicians to ensure the initial use of the drug in patients and are safe to use . This review is also conducted by the non medical officers based upon the data available from the re clinical studies.Medical review plays a major role in new drug review process and is an initiating step for the test of the drug in humans: however it is an important step to be conducted and based upon the results obtained from the review it has a further scope to apply for next steps that is to file new drug application. During this review process the medical reviewers or physicians evaluate the clinical trial protocol for to determine A. If the participants will be protected from unnecessary risks; and B. If the study design will provide data relevant to the safety and effectiveness of the drug.However the safety of the drug is taken by the sponsor during the phase I studies but during phase II, III, and IV Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must also ensure the safety of the medicament in humans for market approval. IV. Chemistry Review: Each review committee has an chemistry review department for reviewing the chemistry of the drug and the agenda of this chemistry department is to address issues related to drug identity, manufacturing control, and analysis. The reviewing committee ensures that the investigational new drug is adequately reproducible and stable.If the drug is neither adequately reproducible nor stable then the chances of approval for IND are less because they are not sure about the drugs action in the body, and don’t know what it does. So the major purpose of chemistry review is i. To ensure that the compound is adequately reproducible ii. To ensure that the compound is adequately stable In addition to this the sponsor should discuss any manufacturing and chemistry differences between the drug product proposed for the cli nical use and drug product used in animal toxicology studies.However these differences might affect the safety profile of the drug product and need to be stated if there are no differences. V. Pharmacology or Toxicology Review: This committee is a group of pharmacologists and toxicologists who evaluate the results of animal testing made during the clinical trial and compare it with the potential effects in humans. That is to ensure safety of the humans for the new drug. i. Pharmacology and Drug Distribution (21 CFR 312. 23(a)(8)(I)): This is nothing but absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug in the animals.These results should be obtained by conducting them in animals, so it should be recorded with an example. Moreover this should not be a reason for the clinical hold because these rae the studies conducted in phase one of the IND and where FDA feels it as sponsor great responsibility factor for the drug in achieving safety and efficacy to the humans. ii. Tox icology Data (21 CFR 312. 23(a)(8)(ii)(a)): INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG REVIEW PROCESS Toxicology data is required from both vitro and vivo studies, because particular studies depend upon nature of the drug and phase of human investigation.VI. Safety Review: After submission of the IND to the CDER then the committee takes about good 30 days to conduct review in every factor to achieve safety and efficacy and to avoid potential harm to the human. The review is an ongoing process however CDER notifies the sponsor immediately if there are any potential high risks associated with the drug upon usage in humans. If a notification is sent to sponsor then it is clear that the application is put on hold and the sponsor should conduct enough studies to clear the hold.This hold will be removed and allows the sponsor for further studies only when changes made to the clinical hold achieve the safety and efficacy and does not case potential risks. If the sponsor is not notified with any information from CDER from the day of IND submission to the 30 th day then on the 31st- day further study can be proceeded as submitted. VII. Clinical Hold Decision: The Clinical hold is issued in during the thirty day review period and this is due to the following factors 1. The drug causes potential harm to the humans 2.If drug is not having enough stability 3. The IND does not contain sufficient information required under 312. 23 to assess the risks to subjects of the proposed studies 4. The plan or protocol for the investigation is clearly deficient in design to meet its stated objectives. And CDER can hold the studies during the initial phases of the studies that is when filed for IND if observes potential risks on the data submitted initially. The Clinical hold will be removed if the sponsor addresses the issue based on the hold before the order is removed.In addition the clinical holds are reviewed by higher authorities of CDER to assure scientific quality and consistency in the Center's clinical hold decisions. IX. Notify Sponsor: X. Sponsor Notified of Deficiencies XI. Study Ongoing Xii. Conclusion†¦.. Page 17 and page 18 lo matter unnnadhi †¦ use gooogle search for material if required and provide the refrence where ever u grab the material†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Refrences: http://www. accessdata. fda. gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch. cfm? fr=312. 42 http://www. fda. gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/CDER/ManualofPoliciesProcedures/ucm082022. pdf

Pricing Kernels Defined in Relation to Asset Pricing

Pricing Kernels Defined in Relation to Asset Pricing The asset pricing kernel,  also known as the stochastic discount factor (SDF), is the random  variable that satisfies the function used in computing the price of an asset. Pricing Kernel and Asset Pricing   The pricing kernel, or stochastic discount factor, is an important concept in mathematical finance and financial economics. The term  kernel  is a common mathematical term used to represent an operator, whereas the term stochastic discount factor  has roots in financial economics and extends the concept of the kernel to include adjustments for risk. The fundamental theorem of asset pricing in finance suggests that the price of any asset is its discounted expected value of future payoff specifically under risk-neutral measure or valuation. Risk-neutral  valuation can only exist  if the market is free of arbitrage opportunities, or opportunities to exploit price differences between two markets and profit from the difference. This relationship between an assets price and its expected payoff is considered the underlying  concept behind all asset pricing. This expected payoff is discounted by a unique factor that depends upon the framework set forth by the market.  In theory, risk-neutral valuation (in which there is an absence of arbitrage opportunities in the market) implies the existence of some positive random variable or the stochastic discount factor. In risk-neutral  measure, this positive stochastic discount factor would theoretically be used to discount the payoff of any asset. Additionally, the existence of such a pricing kernel or stochastic discount factor is equivalent to the law of one price, which presumes that an asset must sell for the same price in all locales or, in other words, an asset will have the same price when exchange rates are taken into consideration. Real-Life Applications Pricing kernels have numerous uses in mathematical finance and economics. For instance, pricing kernels can be used to produce contingent claim prices. If we were to know the current prices of a set of securities in addition to the future payoffs of those securities, then a positive pricing kernel or stochastic discount factor would provide an efficient means of producing  contingent claim prices assuming an arbitrage-free market. This valuation technique is particularly helpful in an incomplete market, or a market in which total supply is not sufficient to meet the demand. Stochastic Discount Factors Apart from asset pricing, another use of the stochastic discount factor is in the evaluation of the performance of hedge funds managers. In this application, however, the stochastic discount factor would not strictly be considered the equivalent to a pricing kernel.

sports and aggressive behavior essays

sports and aggressive behavior essays Sport and aggressive behavior, Do sports create aggressive behavior, or simply attract people who are already aggressive? Aggression and sport have gone together as long as sports have been around, be it the players themselves, to the parents, coaches, or spectators, they just seem to be an inseparable part of each other. The term violence is defined as physical assault based on total disregard for the well being of self and others, or the intent to injure another person ( 2. Coakley). Intimidation usually does not cause physical harm, but often is designed to produce psychological consequences, enabling one person to physically over power or dominate another. These statements as defined by the author, Jay J. Coakley, is what people today have made a must part on sport. Pleasure and participation sports absolutely cannot be grouped with power and performance sports when in relation to aggression.Pleasure sports are simply played for pleasure. Score is usually not kept. The athletes p articipating are usually on occasion doing it for fun and exercise. A majority of athletes who have been playing sports since they were little, have probably been pounded into their heads that to be successful in sport, you need to be aggressive, and at some times, unnecessary. Also that to get what you want, you have to go at it with all force. Not that this is wrong but, this attitude in today's society has been a major problem factor to the athletes when they get older, to get into trouble with the law. Those long-term effects of so called discipline, patterns develops these destructive behaviors. (9. Montague) Although some people are still in belief that aggressive behaviors in all forms, are grounded into instincts, but they also relate these actions to sports. Their parents played, who were known for their aggressive behavior, so the child feels that they have to live up to that expectation.( 6. Storr) Athletes do have to be aggressive to a point, ...

Using the Present Simple for ESL Students

Using the Present Simple for ESL Students The reading-comprehension passage below focuses on the present simple tense to describe habits and daily work routines. The present simple is typically one of the first verb tenses that new English students learn. It is used to describe an action that takes place on a regular basis. The present simple also can be used to express feelings, facts, opinion, and time-based events. The passage describes the daily routine and work habits of Tim, a typical worker in a central California city. Use the passage to help students better understand what is the present simple tense and how to use it. Before Reading the Passage Prepare students before they read the passage by explaining when to use the present simple tense and how to conjugate verbs in this tense. Explain that in English, you use the present simple to describe what you (or others) do every day. You also use verbs of frequency (such as always, sometimes, and usually) to indicate a habit. Ask students to tell you some things they do every day, such as setting the alarm before going to bed, waking up at a certain time each morning, eating breakfast, and traveling to work or school. Write their answers on the white board. Then explain that the present simple tense can be expressed in three ways: positive, negative, or as a question, for example: I eat lunch at noon.I never play tennis at noon.Does he walk to school every day? Tell students that theyll be reading a story about Tim, a worker who does a number of things regularly in getting ready for work, traveling to work, and performing his duties. Then read the story as a class, having students each read a sentence or two. Tims Story Tim works for a company in Sacramento. Hes a customer service representative. He gets up at 6 oclock a.m. each workday. He drives to work and begins his job at 8 oclock each morning. During the workday, Tim speaks to people on the telephone to help them with their banking problems. People telephone the bank to ask questions about their accounts. Tim doesnt give information about accounts until callers answer a few questions. Tim asks callers their birth date, the last four digits of their Social Security number, and their address. If a person gives incorrect information, Tim asks him to call back with the correct information. Tim is polite and friendly to everyone. He has lunch in a park next to his office. He returns home at 5 oclock in the evening. After work, he goes to the gym to work out. Tim has dinner at 7 oclock. Tim likes watching TV after dinner. He goes to bed at 11 oclock at night. Follow-Up Questions and Answers To extend the lesson, have students answer the following questions: What time does Time get up each workday? (6 oclock a.m.)What time does he begin his day at work each day? (8 a.m.)What are some of the duties Tim performs each day? (Tim verifies callers personal information. He answers questions from callers about their accounts. He is polite with each caller.)What time does Tim turn out the lights each night? (11 p.m.) Have students tell you a few more things Tim does each day as you complete your lesson on the present simple tense.

Introduction Business Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Introduction Business Law - Case Study Example Bahrain Consult is obliged to deliver the stated goods to Gulf Retailers premises and the person delivering the goods must confirm the receipt of purchase with the buyer. The contract provides an offer to buy or sell the goods fpor the acceptable price in relation to the offer given according to FOB terms. Bahrain Consult agreed to deliver the stated goods to Gulf Retailers according to the given specifications. Gulf retailers ordered for 300 tons of alluminium at a price of 500 Bahraini per ton. According to article 31 of the business contract law, the supplier is obliged to deliver the goods at the specified place, in the specified quantity and quality and in a timely manner. Article 35 also obliges the Bahrain to deliver the stated goods according to thequantity, quality,a nd other specified describtions. The law only applies if the quantity and time are fixed on the contract. Barhain Consult was bond by the contract that specified the specific goods and the specified quantity to be delivered between 11am and 3pm on Tuesdays. According to article 33, if the CIF contract states that the seller must deliver the goods before payments are made then the seller has no other obtion than to abide by the rule. Gulf Retailers agreed on the contract that Barhrain will recive a deposit of 250 Barhaini Dinars and the balance to be cleared upon arrival of goods. Both parties are bond by the contract and therefore, the buyer is obliged to collect the goods and pay for the balance as per the purchase price agreement. However, article 38 states that the seller has the authority to countercheck the goods with the purchase order before giving out the payments. It was agreed between thew two parties upon the delivery time and day. Article 34 of CIF act provides an obligation for the seller to deliver the goods at the time and place specified in the purchase order. Section II provides an obtion for the third-party to conform the goods and ensure they are delivered

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

E-commerce - Essay Example The emergence has been facilitated by the evolution of internet, communication infrastructures and computer systems. The increase in internet content like text messaging and multimedia and support services such as online catalogues, security systems and payment settlement systems have also supported the growth in e-commerce (Pankaj, 2005). Many global organizations have adopted e-commerce in order to increase their market share, create new online subsidiaries, attain a competitive edge in the market, reduce the entry barriers in the global market and reduce the costs of doing business. E-commerce has evolved from the transaction level business to a relationship based business that is characterized by two way communications with full integration of internet capabilities in to the business (Pankaj, 2005). E-commerce offers several benefits to business organizations, customer sand suppliers. For instance, e-commerce will reduce the costs of creating, processing, distributing and storing good and services (Pankaj, 2005). Business organizations can reduce business overheads involved in selling over the supply chain and the time spent between the outlay of capital and the time the goods and services are received. E-commerce will create a competitive edge for business organizations and enhance the business reputation through improved, new found business opportunities, increased flexibility, enhanced customer service and reduced supply chain time (Laudon & Traver, 2010). The customers will benefit from increased convenience in shopping since they can access goods and services 24 hours a day at the comfort of their location (Pankaj, 2005). Customers can easily access the recent product information within a short period of time and access a wide variety of commodities. E-commerce had facilitated competition, which has led to new innovative products and discounts to the customers. Customers